Contemporary Management Essay Example for Free

Contemporary Management Essay Trivia: Did you know that 280 years ago, the British government announced if not the world’s first, then certainly the world’s largest prize for innovation at 20,000 pounds reward for anyone who can â€Å"discover the longitude†- according to John Brandt. What is innovation? Why do organizations pay so much on research and development just to develop more of these? In a nutshell: 1. Innovation is something that is created as â€Å"new†. * According to Marion Hembrick: Deliberate use of resources to create something new whether a new product, process, policy or procedure. Ex: An example of an innovation is that of a three-wheel car in 1886 by Mercedes Benz. * People use innovations for competitive advantage or to increase market share or ta have a better system, but is innovation alone essential in an existence of an organization? 2. Innovation is a game changer: Something that is perceived to be different and could contribute to a change in lifestyle. As said by Sheremata in â€Å"Strategy in Network Markets† there are two types of innovation: radical and incremental. -In competing with market leaders, challengers do innovations to gain market shares. * Radical * provide large improvements, costly and risky. Challengers hoping to gain monopoly power. * high possible return and embodies new knowledge * may affect competitive outcome * DISRUPTIVE-can penetrate and be widely accepted or it can fail and may bring about signification loss/cost an organization according to Christensen * Example: radical innovation of a 3-wheel petrol car to a 4-wheel petrol car which change lives and made it so easy with the convenience of driving or riding. * The move of a four wheel car was a game changer because it was an radical innovation that was widely accepted, where it changed lives. * Combined, adapted and improved and introduced as a â€Å"new and independent† innovation replacing the new from the old. * In technology, progress has been achieved through small incremental innovations that build upon each other: Jeff Lill of Microsoft said: A competitor comes in and does something interesting, then we come in and basically clone it and do it marginally better and throw some marketing clout behind it and then relentlessly make it better through the years. That is our strategy and it has worked†. * Incremental * Small or minor improvement. * Sustaining according to Christensen. * Market leaders merely do incremental innovations * Cheaper, doesn’t give impact in market share, but still done for sustainability * Ex: a minor change in a car’s dashboard, door or design. According to Everett Rogers: Innovation has five stages: 1. Knowledge stage- awareness stage 2. Persuasion stage- gather interest through be informed about the dimensions of the innovation 3. Decision- adopt or reject 4. Implementation- using the innovation 5. Confirmation- continue using or acceptance of innovation/ market penetration Innovation comes a long way not only with products. There are lots of successful innovations and there where those that failed as well. Innovation comes in different forms with the hope of improvement in shares, systems, and process. It may be changing the policies in your workplace to gain a more conducive environment. Is innovation important in your industry, because in this fast changing world, innovation plays a very big role in technology, but is it the same with other industries? With your company perhaps? Today the group is going to show you different views of different situations where innovation came distinct. Listen and Decide. Angelmar, R. 1990, Product innovation: A tool for competitive advantage, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 182-189. den Butter, Frank A. G, Mà ¶hlmann, J.L. Wit, P. 2008, Trade and product innovations as sources for productivity increases: an empirical analysis, Journal of Productivity Analysis, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 201-211. Hambrick, Marion E. Diffusion of Innovation. Encyclopedia of Sports Management and Marketing. Ed. Linda E. Swayne and Mark Dodds. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2011. 388-90. SAGE Reference Online. Web. 2 Feb. 2012 Innovation as a Strategy In Network Markets 2008, , Sage Publications. Jon Hughes 1999, The Innovators Dilemma. Neal Wyatt 2009, A History of Innovation and a Future of Possibility, Reference User Services Quarterly, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 116. Product Innovation and Development in UK, German and Irish Manufacturing, 1997, Long Range Planning, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 315-315 Richard Gray, Stavroula Malla Peter W.B. Phillips 2006, Product innovation in the Canadian canola sector, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 65-7 Sheremata, W.A. 2004, Competing through Innovation in Network Markets: Strategies for Challengers, The Academy of Management Review, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 359-377. . Quality of Presentation Purpose: * to make audience think whether innovation is important or not * to prove that innovation, solely, doesn’t necessarily prove success nor failure * examples shown gave wide perspective and opened awareness to audience that there are different ways of achieving success depending on the industry and situation of the company: innovation may be or may not be important for survival * the presentation portrayed different scenarios to give the audience an overview of the different situations to gauge the risks on the success and failures innovation can give. * To some extent, the group agrees with the survival innovation can bring about, but there are other factors that should be put into consideration with bringing innovation in the market such as: compatibility of innovation in the industry, marketing, and timing * Why?- * Because innovation is dependent on the company or industry that it may give a positive or negative effect on. In conclusion, it depends whether a company needs innovation to live because with the different scenarios and examples presented, it showed that it does not necessarily follow that a company dies because there is no or weak innovation. Structure and Content: * Introduction- a brief overview of the definition of innovation and the introduction of the different views of situations where innovation and none innovation helped or failed in different companies. Answers the question why people or companies innovate. * Why?- proposing different views on whether innovation is needed in a company’s survival or existence * Brief examples: * Innovate and Live- (Apple, Google, 3M, Toyota, Microsoft) * Discussion of the Culture of Innovation * Senior Management Innovators: Steve Jobs * New and well designed products * Steady innovation in technology and tools where there is tough competition * Empowers innovation and balance products to cost requirements * Successful production (TPS) with management hybrid * Take existing products to improve * Didn’t innovate and Live- (COKE) * Not innovative * Used 4 P’s in Marketing-Product, Place, Price, Promotion * Acquisition and Risks of Acquisition * Innovate and Died- (KODAK) * Brief definition and situational examples of disruptive and sustaining innovations * Middle management resistance/CEO whether to innovate or not * Culture, core competencies- core rigid * Didn’t Innovate and Died- (Onetel, Fletcher Jones, Borders) * Reselling Optus-corporate Governance failure * High cost of production (producing) compared to import * Not embracing technology Wrap up: * Reiterating of the definition of innovation, how innovation is perceived in the presentation * How innovation is accepted in the society * Historical innovations: * modeling the different examples and the stands of each of the previous examples presented * going behind the culture of innovation * Today and innovation:survival, acceptance * Globalization in the market place and the build of innovation * The success and decline of different innovations: short term and longterm like facebook, networking, etc. * What affects innovations and how people accept or reject innovation * By-products synergy, networking what waste is produced by the company and finding a market place for the waste produced * Philanthropy * Dynamic management Delivery: Middle and Senior Management Individuals * Make them think whether they need innovation in their company or not may it be in the innovation of products manufactures, process, policy and procedures in the system. * Show them risks of innovation and make the audience aware that innovation may be beneficial for some and may be a cause of bankruptcy for others like KODAK * Why should you care?

My Life on Togetherness Essays -- family, parents, religion, freedom

I belong to a family that is characterized by being quite Post-modern. Talking about my parents, they do both participate in the public sphere. They both work in two separate domains, having consequently more freedom in the public sphere they encounter as a daily basis. For example, my mother works as a teacher, so she comes across mostly teachers and professors, and my father works as an architect, so he encounters mostly architects, without corrupting one another by endless phone calls or whatever. So Togetherness, which is the opposite of autonomy, is not really seen. What I described before is how things go between my parents, but I did not yet talk about the situation between my parents and us, their children. Our freedom grows proportionally with our age. When we were young, we weren't restricted to communicate only to the family members. In school, we were free to meet and talk to whoever we want. Of course they do warn us of the bad persons we might encounter, but we were feeling comfortable. As we grew up, the relationship between us start to be friendlier. Trust is there, which I believe is one of the most important criteria that should exist within a relationship, happiness is there, everything is fine. However, a criterion of togetherness was missing, which is the freedom of choice. Choices available to me were those that my parents provided me with. For example, one of my goals in my Life was, and still is, to become a Formula 1 racing driver, but unfortunately I wasn't able to achieve that, because my parents simply weren't able to assimilate the idea that I drive a "dangerous", fast car. I know it's too late now, but my dream is still to drive a Formula 1 car, at least before I pass away. Anyway, my family is the ... ...rnal or external. when everything's ticking along just fine, I don't think most people give much thought to it; evidence of that can be found in the confusion with which most people will respond to questions like, "what makes someone a man/woman?", or, "how do you know that you're a woman/man?", without referring to biology. But as soon as something's not quite right, whether that's an internal feeling of incongruence or an external challenge to one's gender, suddenly it becomes very important indeed. Finally it does work for me, and I am not emphasizing any counter ideas toward girls. I don't have any problem with them; each of us is different at several levels. I can have positive criteria by being a boy and my sister, for example, can also have positive criteria that I do not have by being a girl. I was born a male; I will grow as a male, and will die as a male.

Lawrence’s Presentation of Elizabeth Bates in Odour of Chrysanthemums Essay

Odour of Chrysanthemums is a short story by D. H. Lawrence, written in the autumn of 1909. It is set in Nottinghamshire and tells the tale of a coal miner’s wife, a young mother, waiting for her abusive husband Walter to come home. She blames his drinking for his absence. It turns out he has been killed in a pit accident. The story describes the setting before the discovery of his death and the aftermath. The main character in the story is Elizabeth Bates, mother of two and wife to Walter, the coal miner. Elizabeth, the protagonist of the story, is first introduced by Lawrence in a descriptive tone. He describes her as being a tall woman of imperious mien, handsome, with definite black eyebrows. The fact he calls her handsome, a word usually used for describing men, shows that she may carry some male qualities, such as strength. Also, Elizabeth has smooth, black hair parted exactly. Along with her dark eyebrows, this darkness could show a stern side and her hair being parted exactly shows precision and order of which she may have in her life; a routine, a daily schedule. She closed and padlocked the door also, which shows her need for security. Lawrence writes about Elizabeth standing steadily for a few moments watching the miners as they passed along the railway shows that she is curious to know where her husband is. She calls her son, John, and when he replies and she cannot see him she looks piercingly through the dust. She is afraid that he is at the brook, which she had previously told him to avoid. When she sees him hiding before the raspberry canes, she was pleased and gently asked him to come inside. This shows that she is a responsible mother who looks out for her children’s safety and security. This is a major theme given off in Elizabeth’s character. On his way into the house, John tears the wisps of chrysanthemums and drops the petals in handfuls along the path. Elizabeth says ‘Don’t do that- it does look nasty’. Chrysanthemums are a symbol in the book and her saying this indicates that she does not like the flowers. However, she picks one herself and when they get home, instead of disposing of it; she tucks the little flower into her apron. Keeping the chrysanthemum shows that the flowers have meaning to Elizabeth; this also reflects the reason as to why she finds them â€Å"nasty†, indicating to the reader that they do not hold the most pleasant memories for her. After this first appearance of chrysanthemums, Elizabeth and her father begin suspecting her husband has gone drinking yet again. The reader also finds out the fate of Elizabeth’s husband, though it is through mere foreshadowing. â€Å"Her husband did not come home.† Elizabeth channels her husband through her son when she sees him struggling with a knife and a piece of wood. She saw herself in his silence and pertinacity and the father in her son’s indifference to all but himself. She then pieces together what Walter was doing and glances at the clock, which shows impatience and, again, curiosity. When she ventures out to strain the potatoes in the yard she again watches the men trooping home, fewer and fewer. You can tell she is getting more anxious on why her husband has not returned. We see Elizabeth’s temper when she finished her barely eaten meal rose up from the table with evident anger and exclaimed how scandalous it is for a man to not come home to his dinner and hints that he has gone to the pub while she waits. Walter seems to be a recognizable brand of â€Å"bad husband,† and Elizabeth, the put-upon wife and mother, seems to be a clear victim. Her frustration and harsh words about Walter seem fully justifiable. Elizabeth clearly sees herself as having wasted her life with Walter, missing out on a better life she could have had with someone else. However when she comes down from putting the children to bed Lawrence describes the room as empty, which could show that her life is in fact empty without her husband. Elizabeth is certain of disaster as the story leads on, which we see from the very start. The story reaches its climax when Walter’s mother turns up at Elizabeth’s house. We see juxtaposition between Elizabeth and the grandmother. The elder woman is described to be very troubled, weeping without wiping her eyes, the tears running however stopped by Elizabeth’s directness when she said ‘Is he dead?’ We also see the difference of the two when Lawrence describes Elizabeth as having her thoughts elsewhere. She thought about the economic difficulties his death could bring upon her, and if he was hurt she was thinking of how tiresome he would be to nurse. Lastly she considers the children. The fact she shows little emotion towards the fact that her husband may well be dead agrees with the ea rlier point of Elizabeth being a long-suffering wife who deserves sympathy. Her response to Walter’s death reveals that she is not as blameless for her unhappiness as she first appears. At first, Walter seems to be the clear cause of Elizabeth’s difficult life. When his death is finally reviled the old woman drops into a chair and starts to wail and weep (a typical response to such news) but Elizabeth tells her to hush and not to wake the children, appearing to not be affected. When they both heard the details of his horrific death the grandmother continues to wail and cry, and Elizabeth again tells her to be quiet and not to wake the children. This shows her maternal side, and is showing the grandmother that she is a good mother like she herself boasts about. Elizabeth’s dismal view of her fate changes once Walter’s corpse is brought home. As Elizabeth and her mother-in-law undress and wash Walter’s body, much like a parody of the two women attending to the body of Christ, Elizabeth confronts her role in the marriageâ€⠄¢s failure. When she looks at the corpse, she realizes that for years, she has not really seen Walter. He was her husband but distant from her, and she feels â€Å"ashamed† because she had not allowed him to be himself. Instead of feeling anger and resentment, she recognizes that her own expectations and refusals helped tear them apart. She describes her unborn child as ice in her womb, ice of fear. She has no-one to support her anymore. This may be the reason why she ‘winced with fear and shame’ from the death. The pity she feels for Walter sharply contrasts with her earlier harsh view of him, serving as an epiphany—she suddenly recognizes Walter as a human being, rather than simply a difficult burden. Elizabeth realizes she has been culpable in her own unhappiness. At the end of the story, she submits to both life and death as her â€Å"masters,† humbled by her own mistakes and about to carry on with a new perspective.

Ideal Man Essay - 896 Words

 « You would be so much more the man  » The play Macbeth published in 1603 by Shakespeare presents the rise and the decadence, the decline of power of King Macbeth. After killing, in order, King Duncan, his two chamberlains, Macbeths general Banquo, Lady Macduff and her children, Macbeth manages to secure his power until Macduff battles with him and finally kills him. In the play, Shakespeare indicates features that make up an ideal man. Through various character’s representations and actions the reader can to discern Shakespeare’s Ideal Man. By defining his Ideal man and its opposites, Shakespeare introduces the common theme of masculinity. Firstly, Macbeth symbolizes the anti-ideal man, in other words the anti-hero, of the story.†¦show more content†¦As a consequence a model of manliness should exemplify the ideal man Shakespeare wants to define. For Instance, in the beginning of the play Macbeth is feminized by his wife Lady Macbeth therefore he is not represent as the masculine character of the play. He is not thinking about honour, keeping promises, ruthlessness and therefore bravery. We can observe this attempt of making inferior and feminizing Macbeth by Lady Macbeth when she questions his masculinity in act 1 scene 7: â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a men; and to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man.† She knows that this argument is effective on Macbeth; as a result he will commit the murder. On the other hand, Banquo is presented as the masculine character of the play. As masculinity means for Shakespeare knowing the difference between right and wrong, obeying conscience and knowing the moral, we can say therefore that Banquo is masculine, and hence, the ideal man of the plot. Indeed, he is not tempted as Macbeth by the witches and by their predictions. In conclusion, throughout the play Macbeth, Shakespeare tries and manages to give us a definition of an Ideal Man for him. Macbeth embodies the opposition and Banquo the true masculine, ideal man: The model should be loyal, intelligent, brave, cautious, clever, and obeying the morality. Shakespeare’s definition anticipates his era, these elements will come up later: weShow MoreRelatedEssay about Ideal Man848 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is your ideal man? 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